- Philip II- became king of Macedonia at 23 years old- brilliant general and ruthless politician- transformed rugged peasants into a well-trained army- organized troops in phalanxes of 16 men across and deep, each one armed with an 18-foot pike, used to break through enemy lines and then used cavalry to crush his opponent
- Macedonia- located just north of Greece, with rough terrain and a cold climate- hardy people who lived in mountain villages- thought of themselves as Greeks
- Alexander the Great- 20-year-old king - well prepared to lead- under Aristotle's teaching
- Darius III- vowed to crush the invaders by raising an army of 50,000 and 75,000 men
3. Philip II was able to concur Greece by using his phalanxes to get through enemy lines and then use Cavalry to crush his disorganized opponents.
4. Alexander continued Philip II's campaign of conquest after achieving his goal because he wanted to expand his empire.
5. Alexander's empire after his death continued through three ambitious leaders; Antigonus, who took control over Greece and became king of Macedonia; Ptolemy, who seized Egypt and became a Pharaoh and formed a dynasty; Seleucus, who took over most old Persian Empires.